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Are Dietary Supplements a Scam?

Are Supplements a Scam?

Gojo berries.. Acai.. Ginko... Manuka Honey... Vitamin C... Vitamin B12... Aromatic oils.. Kale... Superbeets

Beets? Seriously? And even grapefruit.. if you're over 50, do you remember "Fatburner Grapefruit 45" from UHF commercials in your youth? The supplement industry is massive in America, and every week there seems to be a new superfood found to provide miraculous health benefits... and a number of supplements made from it for sale. According to the National Institutes of Health, dietary supplements are a $37 billion-a-year business in the U.S.,Yet, researchers at the University of Minnesota conducted a study of the effects of making multivitamins, probably the most benign of all health supplements and found that women who took supplemental multivitamins died at rates higher than those who didn't. And the Cleveland Clinic research found that men who took vitamin E had an increased risk of prostate cancer.

ABC News reports:

Dr. Lee Green, a family physician at the University of Michigan, said it's a misconception that supplemental vitamins can lead to better health and help prevent disease.
"You should stop trying to look for health in a pill," Green said. "Health is not found in pills. It's found in good food and regular exercise. Why didn't vitamins deliver on the promise of better health? Because it was a false promise."

The long history of supplement scams

Snake oil salesmen of the Wild West are a familiar icon of scammers, but some Neanderthal was probably bartering colored dirt to his fellow troglodytes, grunting how it would make them live longer if they ate it. One of the most famous cases of supplement and vitamin scammers is Dr. Linus Paulding.

Mega doses of Vitamin C Won't Cure or Prevent a Cold

Or cure cancer. Shocking to some of you, but yes it is true that it won't. Dr. Paulding was a scammer. At least 15 studies have proven that vitamin C doesn't prevent, treat or cure the common cold. None of the FDA, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Medical Association, the American Dietetic Association, the Center for Human Nutrition at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, nor the Department of Health and Human Services recommend vitamin C supplements for the prevention or treatment of colds. Dr. Paulding even claimed that mega doses of Vitamin C could cure cancer, citing a Scottish study by a Dr. Cameron. It was later shown that the cancer victims Cameron had treated with vitamin C were healthier at the start of therapy, which accounted for the higher cure rate in the group, not vitamin C.

What DO supplements and vitamins do?

Well, shorten lives and cause cancer for a start. And less reputable supplements made in filthy labs in third world countries can make you sick or kill you with e. coli.

Some actually INCREASE the risk of cancer. WebMD reports:

For men taking these vitamin supplements, the risk of lung cancer was nearly doubled. For men who smoked, the risk was between three and four times higher, the study found.
"High-dose B6 and B12 supplements should not be taken for lung cancer prevention, especially in men, and they may cause harm in male smokers," said study lead author Theodore Brasky. He is a research assistant professor at Ohio State University.

Other studies show that Vitamin E (Tocopherol) Based on solid evidence, taking vitamin E supplements does not affect the risk of lung cancer" To the contrary, the National Cancer Institute found that Selenium and Vitamin E supplements increased cancer risks:

The additional data show that the men who took vitamin E alone had a 17 percent relative increase in numbers of prostate cancers compared to men on placebo. This difference in prostate cancer incidence between the vitamin E only group and the placebos only group is now statistically significant, and not likely to be due to chance.
Men taking selenium alone, or vitamin E and selenium, were also more likely to develop prostate cancer than men taking placebo, but those increases were smaller and are not statistically significant and may be due to chance. Updated results of SELECT were published in JAMA on October 12, 2011 (3).

Let's look at specific supplements and superfoods

Here's a brief list (by no means complete) of some supplements to avoid and the evidence against them

Some are just junk:

A very few have have specific real uses

  • Manuka honey - It has been shown to help wounds in the skin heal when topically applied. See this page for more information.
  • Turmeric - does help as an anti-inflammatory.  Turmeric contains an active ingredient called curcumin, which is a natural compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Turmeric works by inhibiting an enzyme and protein in the body that promote inflammation. According to two recent studies, turmeric is more effective than ibuprofen for post-surgical pain, swelling, and delayed muscle soreness. One study doses the participants between 1,500-5,000 mg per day. And there is credible research that says Turmeric may also help in fighting infections, treating digestive problems and possibly even some cancers.
  • Vitamins D - Medical science says, due to our modern lifestyle being inside so much, most people do not get enough vitamin D for good health. To help protect against chronic diseases or prevent osteoporosis,, most people are recommended to take 600 to 1,000 IUs a day as supplement.

Hyped... Some are better fresh than as an expensive supplement. Just eat them as part of a healthy diet

  • Beets and Beetroot: - You don't need to buy "SooperBeets" or anything like that. The NHS says: "Alison Hornby, a dietitian and BDA spokesperson, says: "Beetroot and beetroot juice, along with green leafy vegetables, cabbage and celery, are very useful as part of a balanced diet as their nitrate content may help to reduce blood pressure. Getting active, reducing the amount of salt in your diet and maintaining a healthy weight are also key strategies for getting your blood pressure under control."
  • Glucosamine and chondroitin - Cartilage is made of these. The supplements claim to help with osteoarthritis. But a A long-term study published in 2010 found that those who took glucosamine and chondroitin supplements to treat knee pain from osteoarthritis did not better than those who took a placebo, calling it "beneficial but not significant trends.". Doctors recommend simply getting more exercise, since exercise can help lubricate the joints.
  • Kale: Eat it fresh, not as a supplement Kale is low in calories - 100g of raw kale has just 33 calories, 80g of steamed kale has 19. Kale is a good source of calcium, a great source of folate. Kale is rich in anti-oxidants lutein and zeaxanthin, so Kale may help skin and vision. Kale is also a great source of beta-carotene, iron, vitamin C and K. But the Daily Mail (UK) also reports that people with some medical conditions should avoid: "some experts warn kale is overhyped and eating too much can cause digestive problems, hypothyroidism, irregular heartbeats and sudden death
  • Omega 3 is an essential fatty acid tthat our bodies don't produce. But Omega-3 supplements? Clinical trails published in JAMA in 2012 found that omega-3 supplementation was not associated with a lower risk of death from heart attack, stroke and other cardiovascular issues. JAMA also reports that a large, long-running trial found that omega-3 supplements didn't slow cognitive decline or slow the progression of macular degeneration,

Why are there so many exaggerated claims of supplements, "superfoods" and plain old scams?

Why do we see endless exaggerations and outright lies about in the supplement indusdry. Simple: there's money to be made in it. And plenty of gullible people, eager to improve their health... or treat a life-threating condition... willing to try the latest miracle. The scammers know that it will take time to prove their miracle food or supplement doesn't. ANd the US government does not regulate supplements, a fact the scammers use to their advantage. So, we have to wait years until the ineffectiveness of their supplement - or the dangerous effects - become obvious.

How do detect a supplement, vitamin or superfood scam

At the best, they are ALL exaggerations; but many are actually dangerous.. For signs of an obvious scam:

  • Look for vague, general claims; like "when I take Sooperbeats, I just glow!" "Glow" is not a medical term or even anything specific enough to be measurable. You could glow because your happy, pregnant or radioactive!
  • Google the name of the product or food along with the word scam, and look for a credible website, like a major universty, a true national health org (like Cancer.org), a major news service, (one of the ones that isn't "fake news"), a truly reputable medical website, like WebMD - and see whatthey say. Try the search again, this time with the name of the item and words "dubious benefit"

The bottom line

DON'T take supplements. They won't work. The pushers take an effect found in a lab test and distort it into a must-have superfood. The truth is; there is no such thing as a superfood. Food and supplements won't make you healthy, but the following will... and doesn't cost anything!:

  • eating a diverse diet of fresh or less processed foods, particularly fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean protein sources, etc.
  • regular vigorous exercise,
  • No smoking or vaping,
  • moderate alcohol consumption,
  • No drugs...

For a story about 10 of the Worst Food and Supplement Scams of 2016, click here

More information about specific medical scams

The FDA has compiled a list:

Footnote: when supplements do make sense:

Yes, doctors do actually recommend some specific supplemenst for certain groups of people who either can't get it in their diet, or whose medical condition requires more: These groups and an example of the needed supplement are:

  • People with specific diseases, as prescribed by the doctors
  • Pregnant women - Folate - see kale above
  • Nursing mothers
  • Strict vegetarians - Concentrated beef pellets (no, just kidding - amino acids and protein)
  • People with food allergies or intolerances
  • Senior citizens - may need additional B-12 as elderly absorb less of it.Even they should just grains, dark green vegetables, orange juice, and enriched foods, rather than a supplement.

But keep in mind, the doctors choose the supplement, the potency, NOT the patient. Dont' think you're a doctor and self-medicate.

References

  1. The Atlantic - The Vitamin Myth: Why We Think We Need Supplements
  2. ABC News
  3. BBC - Do Common Vitamins Raise Lung Cancer Risk?
  4. Taking vitamin E supplements does not affect the risk of lung cancer
  5. The National Cancer Institute - Selenium and Vitamin E supplements increased cancer risks
  6. BBC - why-vitamin-supplements-could-kill-you
  7. WebMD - the health benefits of kale
  8. the Daily Mail (UK) - kale problems
  9. Omega-3 Clinical trails published in JAMA in 2012
  10. Omega-3 - JAMA also reports that a large, long-running trial found that omega-3 supplements didn't
  11. Clinical efficacy and safety of glucosamine, chondroitin sulphate, their combination, celecoxib or placebo taken to treat osteoarthritis of the knee: 2-year results from GAIT.
  12. WebMD - The Truth Behind the Top 10 Dietary Supplements
  13. Mayo CLinic Vitamin D